What is the most musical city in the United States?
Posted by Paul in code, data, fun, The Echo Nest on May 20, 2012
There are many cities in the United States that are known for their music. Cities like Nashville, Detroit, Seattle and New Orleans have played a major part in the musical history and development of this country. But what is the most musical city? Which city has spawned the most musical artists? To answer this question I used the soon-to-be-released artist location data from The Echo Nest artist API. I gathered up the top 50,000 or so U.S. artists, found their city of origin and tallied the number of artists per city. From this tally I calculated the number of artists per 1,000 inhabitants in each city. The more artists per 1000 inhabitants, the more musical the city.
Using the artists per 1k inhabitants, we can easily find the top 25 most musical cities in the United States:
| # | Artists per 1,000 inhabitants | Artists | Population | City |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.14 | 111 | 35355 | Beverly Hills, CA |
| 2 | 2.26 | 1651 | 732072 | San Francisco, CA |
| 3 | 1.68 | 894 | 530852 | Nashville, TN |
| 4 | 1.64 | 936 | 571281 | Boston, MA |
| 5 | 1.54 | 651 | 422908 | Atlanta, GA |
| 6 | 1.53 | 53 | 34703 | Charlottesville, VA |
| 7 | 1.48 | 817 | 552433 | Washington, DC |
| 8 | 1.39 | 513 | 367773 | Minneapolis, MN |
| 9 | 1.37 | 740 | 540513 | Portland, OR |
| 10 | 1.32 | 51 | 38601 | Burlington, VT |
| 11 | 1.24 | 4789 | 3877129 | Los Angeles, CA |
| 12 | 1.22 | 15 | 12314 | Muscle Shoals, AL |
| 13 | 1.20 | 683 | 569369 | Seattle, WA |
| 14 | 1.11 | 755 | 678368 | Austin, TX |
| 15 | 1.05 | 75 | 71253 | Bloomington, IN |
| 16 | 1.05 | 50 | 47529 | Chapel Hill, NC |
| 17 | 1.05 | 47 | 44916 | Olympia, WA |
| 18 | 1.00 | 13 | 12945 | Princeton, NJ |
| 19 | 0.95 | 182 | 190886 | Richmond, VA |
| 20 | 0.94 | 11 | 11678 | Hendersonville, NC |
| 21 | 0.87 | 12 | 13769 | Malibu, CA |
| 22 | 0.87 | 88 | 100975 | Denton, TX |
| 23 | 0.86 | 179 | 207970 | Orlando, FL |
| 24 | 0.86 | 86 | 100158 | Berkeley, CA |
| 25 | 0.85 | 114 | 133874 | Orange, CA |
I find the results to be pretty interesting. Beverly Hills, the tiny city at the heart of the entertainment world is #1. San Francisco is the most musical of all large cities, followed closely by Nashville. Among, the most musical of small cities is Muscle Shoals AL which, according to Wikipedia, is famous for its contributions to American popular music. Less musical than expected are New Orleans (rank 36), NYC (rank 37), Detroit (rank 52).
Among the least musical cities in the U.S. are my hometown (Manchester NH), with only one artist in the top 50,000 U.S. based artist for the 100K inhabitants. The least musical large city in the U.S. is Kansas City KS, with only 7 top-50k artists for their nearly half million inhabitants. Luckily Kansas City residents can drive a few miles to Kansas city Missouri (with its 194 musicians for its 442k inhabitants) when they get tired of their own seven artists.
You can see the full list of cities with population greater than 5,000 ordered by their musicality here: The Most Musical Cities in the United States. I’d love to do this for all the cities in the world, but I can’t find a good source of city population data for world cities. If you know of one let me know.
I’m rather exited about this upcoming release of artist location data in our API. It will open the doors for a whole bunch of interesting applications, such as road trip playlisters that play music by artists local to the city you are near, contextual playlisters that will favor artists from your home town, or music exploration apps that will let you explore music from a particular region of the world. I can’t wait to see what people build with this data. Stay tuned, I’ll post when the API is released.
WordPress now supports embedding of Spotify, Rdio and Gists.
WordPress now supports direct embedding of Spotify songs:
And direct embedding of Rdio songs:
http://www.rdio.com/#/artist/deadmau5/album/4×4=12_1/track/Raise_Your_Weapon/
And best of all Gist embeddimg!
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| import sys | |
| import urllib | |
| import json | |
| from pyechonest import playlist | |
| def show_playlist(seed_artist): | |
| for s in playlist.basic(artist=seed_artist, type='artist-radio', ] | |
| buckets=['id:lyricfind-US'], results=10, limit=True): | |
| print '==================================================================' | |
| print s.title, 'by', s.artist_name | |
| print '==================================================================' | |
| show_lyrics(s) | |
| def show_lyrics(s): | |
| lfid = s.get_foreign_id('lyricfind-US').replace('lyricfind-US:song:', '') | |
| url = 'http://test.lyricfind.com/api_service/lyric.do' + \ | |
| '?apikey=your_api_key' + \ | |
| '&reqtype=default&output=json&trackid=elid:' + lfid | |
| f = urllib.urlopen(url) | |
| js = f.read() | |
| f.close() | |
| dict = json.loads(js) | |
| try: | |
| lyrics = dict['track']['lyrics'] | |
| for line in lyrics.split('\r\n'): | |
| print line | |
| except: | |
| print '(no lyrics)' | |
| if __name__ == '__main__': | |
| if len(sys.argv) > 1: | |
| show_playlist(' '.join(sys.argv[1:])) | |
| else: | |
| print 'usage: %s artist name' % (sys.argv[0],) |
Life is good! Thanks WordPress. All the details are here in this blog post.
Rethink Music Hackers’ Weekend
This weekend was Rethink Music Hacker’s Weekend where 100 or so music hackers gathered at the Microsoft NERD to not just rethink music, but to rebuild it. There were about two dozen hacks built, showing a wide range of creativity. Some of my favorites are:
Kinect Bomba -As in the latin style of music called “Bomba”, the dancer is in control of the band and music. The virtual band is the kinect — the dancer(s) can create sweet, live beat-locked music over any mp3 (using echonest-remix), remixes, and even control a virtual looper pedal.
Hiptapes – HipTapes is a music marketing APP enables artists to create custom QR codes and push dynamic content to fans via posters, flyers, CDs, etc. HipTapes mobile app scans the QR code & enables users to instantly stream, bookmark or buy music tracks, purchase concerts tickets, discounted merchandise or leave a message on artist’s Facebook page.
Hipsterer – Figures out how hipster you are? (I knew about this site before it was cool).
Jam Page – Hi-resolution listener analytics for artists.
Texture Learning – A simple genetic algorithm learns the short-time fourier transform of a target static texture. The approximation gradually acquires information about the target sound via repeated semi-random modifications to the spectrogram. Phase and magnitude are learned separately. The learning process is sonified and visualized such that the gradual evolution of the sound from silence to target can be seen and heard. Experimentation with several control parameters results in varied output.
Byrds and the Bee Gees – finds the playlist that your parents could of have used on the night you were conceived. Totally fun app. Toughest part is trying to decide if my dad was ‘smooth back then’.
Lyrical Sonnet Awesome – My favorite hack. Totally origina. Uses lyricfind.com’s API to make a sonnet generator! In Iambic pentameter! The sonnets are in the rhyme scheme of Shakespeare. ABABCDCDEFEFGG, and you can choose key words to populate the themes. Here’s an example:
- Too long values we let them blend and fade
- And with the awesome power they struck
- You’re like a long, cool glass of lemonade
- It’s Knoc-turn’al with a capital K
- Something cool, set one up for me
- If you turn away, oh, honey, please stay
- The center of attention, cool Moe Dee
- I want to take you cool places tonight
- Are you still mad I kicked you out of bed?
- What befalls us in the heat of the night?
- I keep a cool head, I keep a cool head
- That I was mad if they were sane, you see
- The blues my naughty sweetie gives to me.
Map of Music styles – this is my hack – an interactive map of 1000s of music styles, allowing you to explore through the world of music.
See the full list of hacks on hacker league. It was a really fun weekend, with lots of very creative hacking!
Map of Music Styles
Posted by Paul in code, data, events, fun, tags, The Echo Nest, visualization on April 22, 2012
I spent this weekend at Rethink Music Hackers’ Weekend building a music hack called Map of Music Styles (aka MOMS). This hack presents a visualization of over 1000 music styles. You can pan and zoom through the music space just like you can with Google maps. When you see an interesting style of music you can click on it to hear some samples of music of that style.
It is fun to explore all the different neighborhoods of music styles. Here’s the Asian corner:
Here’s the Hip-Hop neighborhood:
And a mega-cluster of ambient/chill-out music:
To build the app, I collected the top 2,000 or so terms via The Echo Nest API. For each term I calculated the most similar terms based upon artist overlap (for instance, the term ‘metal’ and ‘heavy metal’ are often applied to the same artists and so can be considered similar, where as ‘metal’ and ‘new age’ are rarely applied to the same artist and are, therefore, not similar). To layout the graph I used Gephi (Its like Photoshop for graphs) and exported the graph to SVG. After that it was just a bit of Javascript, HTML, and CSS to create the web page that will let you pan and zoom. When you click on a term, I fetch audio that matches the style via the Echo Nest and 7Digital APIs.
There are a few non-styles that snuck through – the occasional band name, or mood, but they don’t hurt anything so I let them hang out with the real styles. The app works best in Chrome. There’s a bug in the Firefox version that I need to work out.
Give it a try and let me know how you like it: Map of Music Styles
Why streaming recommendations are different than DVD recommendations at Netflix
From Why Netflix Never Implemented The Algorithm That Won The Netflix $1 Million Challenge
An interesting insight:
when people rent a movie that won’t arrive for a few days, they’re making a bet on what they want at some future point. And, people tend to have a more… optimistic viewpoint of their future selves. That is, they may be willing to rent, say, an “artsy” movie that won’t show up for a few days, feeling that they’ll be in the mood to watch it a few days (weeks?) in the future, knowing they’re not in the mood immediately. But when the choice is immediate, they deal with their present selves, and that choice can be quite different.
When I was a Netflix DVD subscriber the Seven Samurai sat on top of my TV for months. My present self never matched the optimistic view I had of my future self.
Xavier’s blog post on Netfix recommendation is worth the read. Dealing with a household with widely different tastes, the importance of the order of presentation of recommendations
The Hack Day Manifesto
What do you need to do to put on a good hack event like a Music Hack Day? Read The Hack Day Manifesto for insights on what it takes to make sure you don’t have hack event fail. Here’s some choice bits:
Your 4MB DSL isn’t enough
Hack days have special requirements: don’t just trust anyone who tells you that “it’ll be fine”. Think about the networking issues, and verify that they work for the kind of capacity you are going to have. People from the venue or their commercial partner will tell you all sorts of things you want to hear but keep in the back of your mind that they may not have any clue what they are talking about. Given the importance of network access, if you are operating a commercial event consider requiring network performance as part of your contract with venues and suppliers.
Rock solid WiFi
Many commercial WiFi providers plan for much lower use than actually occurs at hack days. The network should be capable of handling at least 4 devices per attendee.
Don’t make people feel unwelcome
Avoid sexism and other discriminatory language or attitudes. Don’t make any assumptions about your attendees. Get someone who is demographically very different from you to check your marketing material through to see if it makes sense and isn’t offensive to someone who doesn’t share your background.
Read The Hack Day Manifesto. If you agree with the sentiment, and you have enough hacker juice to fork the manifesto, edit it and send a pull request, you are invited to add yourself to the list of supporters.
Why do Music Hackers hack?
[vimeo http://vimeo.com/40027211 w=600]
A short film by Pauline de Zeew, with Paul King and Syd Lawrence
The Spotify Play Button – a lightening demo
Spotify just released a nifty embeddable play button. With the play button you can easily embed Spotify tracks in any web page or blog. Since there’s really tight integration between the Spotify and Echo Nest IDs, I thought I’d make a quick demo that shows how we can use the Echo Nest playlist API and the new Spotify Play button to make playlists.
The demo took about 5 minutes to write (shorter than it is taking to write the blog post). It is simple artist radio on a web page. Give it a go at: Echo Nest + Spotify Play Button Demo
Here’s what it looks like.
Update: Charlie and Samuel pointed out that there is a multi-track player too. I made a demo that uses that too:
The Spotify Play button is really easy to use, looks great. Well done Spotify.
Syncing Echo Nest analysis to Spotify Playback
Posted by Paul in code, Music, The Echo Nest on April 9, 2012
With the recently announced Spotify integration into Rosetta Stone, The Echo Nest now makes available a detailed audio analysis for millions of Spotify tracks. This audio analysis includes summary features such as tempo, loudness, energy, danceability, key and mode, as well as a set of fine-grained segment features that describe details such as where each bar, beat and tatum fall and the detailed pitch, timbral and loudness content of each audio event in the song. These features can be very useful for driving Spotify applications that need to react to what the music sounds like – from advanced dynamic music visualizations like the MIDEM music machine or synchronized music games like Guitar Hero.
I put together a little Spotify App that demonstrates how to synchronize Spotify Playback with the Echo Nest analysis. There’s a short video here of the synchronization:
video on youtube: http://youtu.be/TqhZ2x86RXs
In this video you can see the audio summary for the currently playing song, as well as a display synchronized ‘bar’ and ‘beat’ labels and detailed loudness, timbre and pitch values for the current segment.
How it works:
To get the detailed audio analysis, call the track/profile API with the Spotify Track ID for the track of interest. For example, here’s how to get the track for Radiohead’s Karma Police using the Spotify track ID:
This returns audio summary info for the track, including the tempo, energy and danceability. It also includes a field called the analysis_url which contains an expiring URL to the detailed analysis data. (A very abbreviated excerpt of an analysis is contained in this gist).
To synchronize Spotify playback with the Echo Nest analysis we need to first get the detailed analysis for the now playing track. We can do this by calling the aforementioned track/profile call to get the analysis_url for the detailed analysis, and then retrieve the analysis (it is stored in JSON format, so no reformatting is necessary). There is one technical glitch though. There is no way to make a JSONP call to retrieve the analysis. This prevents you from retrieving the analysis directly into a web app or a Spotify app. To get around this issue, I built a little proxy at labs.echonest.com that supports a JSONP style call to retrieve the contents of the analysis URL. For example, the call:
http://labs.echonest.com/3dServer/analysis?callback=foo &url=http://url_to_the_analysis_json
will return the analysis json wrapped in the foo() callback function. The Echo Nest does plan to add JSONP support to retrieving analysis data, but until then feel free to use my proxy. No guarantees on support or uptime since it is not supported by engineering. Use at your own risk.
Once you have retrieved the analysis you can get the current bar, beat, tatum and segment info based upon the current track position, which you can retrieve from Spotify with: sp.getTrackPlayer().getNowPlayingTrack().position. Since all the events in the analysis are timestamped, it is straightforward to find a corresponding bar,beat, tatum and segment given any song timestamp. I’ve posted a bit of code on gist that shows how I pull out the current bar, beat and segment based on the current track position along with some code that shows how to retrieve the analysis data from the Echo Nest. Feel free to use the code to build your own synchronized Echo Nest/Spotify app.
The Spotify App platform is an awesome platform for building music apps. Now, with the ability to use Echo Nest analysis from within Spotify apps, it is a lot easier to build Spotify apps that synchronize to the music. This opens the door to a whole range of new apps. I’m really looking forward to seeing what developers will build on top of this combined Echo Nest and Spotify platform.
Writing an Echo Nest + Spotify App
Posted by Paul in code, Music, The Echo Nest on April 7, 2012
Last week The Echo Nest and Spotify announced an integration of APIs making it easy for developers to write Spotify Apps that take advantage of the deep music intelligence offered by the Echo Nest. The integration is via Project Rosetta Stone (PRS). PRS is an ID mapping layer in the API that allows developers to use the IDs from any supported music service with the Echo Nest API. For instance, a developer can request via the Echo Nest playlist API a playlist seeded with a Spotify artist ID and receive Spotify track IDs in the results.
This morning I created a Spotify App that demonstrates how to use the Spotify and Echo Nest APIs together. The app is a simple playlister with the following functions:
- Gets the artist for the currently playing song in Spotify
- Creates an artist radio playlist based upon the now playing artist
- Shows the playlist, allowing the user to listen to any of the playlist tracks
- Allows the user to save the generated playlist as a Spotify playlist.
The entire app, including all of the HTML, CSS and JavaScript, is 150 lines long.I’ve made all the code available in the github repository SpotifyEchoNestPlaylistDemo. Here are some of the salient bits. (apologies for the screenshots of code. WordPress.com has poor support for embedding sourcecode. I’ve been waiting for gist embeds for a year)
makePlaylistFromNowPlaying() – grabs the current track from spotify and fetches and displays the playlist from The Echo Nest.
fetchPlayst() – The bulk of the work is done in the fetchPlaylist method. This method makes a jsonp call to the Echo Nest API to generate a playlist seeded with the Spotify artist. The Spotify Artist ID needs to be massaged slightly. In the Echo Nest world Spotify artist IDs look like ‘spotify-WW:artist:12341234’ so we convert from the Spotify form to the Echo Nest form with the one liner:
var artist_id = artist.uri.replace('spotify', 'spotify-WW');
Here’s the code:
The function createPlayButton creates a doc element with a clickable play image, that when clicked, calls the playSong method, which grabs the Spotify Track ID from the song and tells Spotify to play it:
Update: I was using a deprecated method of playing tracks. I’ve updated the code and example to show the preferred method (Thanks @mager).
When we make the playlist call we include a buckets parameter requesting that spotify IDs are returned in the returned tracks. We need to reverse the ID mapping to go from the Echo Nest form of the ID to the Spotify form like so:
Saving the playlist as a spotify playlist is a 3 line function:
Installing and running the app
To install the app, follow these steps:
- make sure you have a Spotify Developer Account
- Make a ‘playlister’ directory in your Spotify apps folder (On a mac this is in ~/Spotify/playlister)
- Get the project files from github
- Copy the project files into the ‘playlister’ directory. The files are:
- index.html – the app (html and js)
- manifest.json – describes your app to Spotify. The most important bit is the ‘RequiredPermissions’ section that lists ‘http://*echonest.com’. Without this entry, your app won’t be able to talk to The Echo Nest.
- js/jquery.min.js – jquery
- styles.css – minimal css for the app
- play.png – the image for the play button
- icon.png – the icon for the app
To run the app type ‘spotify:app:playlister’ in the Spotify search bar. The app should appear in the main window.
Wrapping Up
Well, that’s it – a Spotify playlisting app that uses the Echo Nest playlist API to generate the playlist. Of course, this is just the tip of the iceberg. With the Spotify/Echo Nest connection you can easily make apps that use all of the Echo Nest artist data: artist news, reviews, blogs, images, bios etc, as well as all of the detailed Echo Nest song data: tempo, energy, danceability, loudness, key, mode etc. Spotify has created an awesome music app platform. With the Spotify/Echo Nest connection, this platform has just got more awesome.
Music Machinery 